The Power of Para-sites: Graphic Novels in the Classroom

Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?”

Juvenal, Satire VI (347–8)

What do you think about graphic novels?

What are graphic novels?

This week at university, I led a seminar-workshop exploring the ways in which graphic novels can be used in the KS3-KS5 classroom to support the curriculum. Schwartz (2006) argues that “in a media-dominated society, one traditional literacy – reading and writing of print – is no longer sufficient”. We are bombarded and saturated with images and so we need to find different ways of capturing the attention and the imagination of the young people we teach. Graphic novels can be used as a gateway to access personalised learning via multimodality: the reader can decide where to begin and how long to look. They can choose to look at the words or the images first – or take in the whole page as an integrated design. With their thematic connections, social dilemmas, and interdisciplinary cross-curricular connections with English, art, history, and design and technology, graphic novels can be used to explore and negotiate traditional themes in a new and engaging way  – not only to support EAL / SEN students, but to extend the more able through companion literature and comparison.

If comics, graphic novels, and manga “can create a bridge that is wide, stable, heavily trafficked, and easy to cross” (Wilson, 2005), perhaps graphic novels are not these “sub-literary parasites”, traditionally discarded and banished to the wastes of non-canonical ridicule, but can instead be regarded as “para-sites” –  accessible and engaging entities that run parallel to the main site of the national curriculum.

For more detailed information and title suggestions, please find the link to my presentation below:

http://prezi.com/0uzsmy2ctkei/the-power-of-para-sites-graphic-novels-in-the-classroom/?kw=view-0uzsmy2ctkei&rc=ref-29125185

The Storyweb

Respun and reblogged from Laura:

The Storyweb.

Gulliver’s Travels: Cross-Curricular Jollies with Geographers!

“In the long history of humankind, those who learned to collaborate and improvise most effectively have prevailed.”

– Charles Darwin, Descent of Man

Map of Literary Britain and Northern Ireland by Geoff Sawers

Map of Literary Britain and Northern Ireland. Designer Geoff Sawers created a hand-lettered, literary map of Britain by featuring authors according to their approximate locations.

This week, the English trainees joined forces with the geographers to embark on a cross-curricular project entitled ‘Roots and Routes: Finding Place’ where, in groups, we explored a part of the university campus armed with clipboards and paper, mighty pens, instructions, cameras, and a jolly disposition in the face of impending rain.

Each group was instructed to go for a walk together outside, stopping at intervals to look around carefully. Each person in the group was allowed to call “stop!” once before our final destination, which, for our group, was the library.

Key Stage 3 National Curriculum, QCA, 2007

Key Stage 3 National Curriculum, QCA, 2007

At each stop every person in the group had to make individual notes on their clipboard, briefly describing their impressions using the five senses. The focus was left completely to individual choice – some focused on a very small object or angle whereas others elected to study a much wider aspect. We were instructed not to discuss what we saw and also not to write a sentence, poem or any kind of “organised” text. Each stop was numbered and we took a photo of the place before moving on to the next stop.

After our unusual-but-jolly jaunt, where we were mistaken for psychology postgraduates, building surveyors, international students, and fruit inspectors (I don’t recommend anything more than a brief eyebrow raise into that stop because it was terribly confusing and my pen blurted “prickly pineapple staring at a friendly teapot-looking man across an airport corridor of liminal doom” onto the page before my common sense overrode my five senses and we decided to move on), we brought our scribblings back to our classroom and shared our responses by writing our impressions of each stop on a separate piece of paper, collating them, and presenting them to the originator of each stop for editing and composition in order to create responses to our route. Then we combined our stops to make a display in the main corridor of the Education Block.

English-Geography Collaboration

Our group’s journey: from the Education Block to the Library

Reflection

My choice of post title this week is not just parodical, but reflective of my own cognition – my “literary mind map” – of the meaning of a journey and how place and space, routes and roots, the literary and the geographical are inextricably entwined, complimenting and supporting each other. I think that Swift’s shipwrecked castaway Lemuel Gulliver was the first geographer-adventure I knew as a young reader. His accounts of the petty diminutive Lilliputians, the crude, vulgar giants of Brobdingnag, the abstracted scientists of Laputa, the brutish Yahoos, the philosophical Houyhnhnms, and their very strange worlds gave him new insights into human behaviour, filling my head full of ideas and a longing to travel and explore. On the other hand,  “głowa” (go-lo-va), is the Polish word for “head” and sounds very much like “gulliver” when pronounced, linking geography with the language of my thoughts and childhood imaginations. Indeed, growing older and reading A Clockwork Orange,  I was fascinated with Anthony Burgess’ invention and use of “Nadsat”, the teenage vocabulary of the future, which uses a combination of odd bits of old rhyming slang and Slavic-Russianate vocabulary – not mechanically, but with great ingenuity, as the transformation of głowa/golova into “gulliver”, with its Swiftian associates, illustrates. This particular connective pathway – the combination of geography, language and literature – forms the root of the route of my gulliver’s travels, my “geographical imagination”.

‘Roots and Routes: Finding Place’
English-geography cross-curricular journey 2012-13

I really enjoyed working with the geographers in our university group and I felt that we all contributed in different ways that complimented and enriched our ideas, compositions, group presentation and the final class project display. When walking together, we respected each other, decided the route together, and gave each other time and space to interpret and represent our perceptions of each stop, forming “geographical imaginations” of the university campus. However, putting up the display as a group – and as a class – became quite chaotic and stressful. There was not enough space on the wall for all work to be presented comfortably. Perhaps, on reflection, if a space for each group was allocated and marked out on the wall beforehand, then we would have understood the space allowance and planned and designed our work to fit. Although the walk was timed well, I felt that the classroom we were using to compose our responses and then to construct our display using the creative resources (including scissors, glue, staples) was too small to fit everyone safely and we felt pressured to finish quickly, which was frustrating.

If this activity were to be repeated at school, then there would be a few changes to consider:

  • a bigger room (or several rooms, which might pose supervision issues)
  • more time taken to organise and explain the creative composition and construction task to students after returning to the classroom from their walk.
  • staple guns issued to specific people (or, in the case of school, allocated to adults only)
  • staggering each group so that they would have clear, safe, and creative access to the display boards without feeling stressed or intimidated by a big crowd (this would also decrease noise levels and help to manage behaviour)
  • step ladder supervision

It was a worthwhile and fun experience and I’m looking forward to the cross-curricular project with the artists in January!

The Origin of the Species: What is an English Teacher?

“You may be an undigested bit of beef, a blot of mustard, a crumb of cheese, a fragment of underdone potato. There’s more of gravy than of grave about you, whatever you are.”

– Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol

One of the first tasks undertaken by the English trainees during the first week of subject knowledge enhancement and professional development seminars at university was a character exploration of the thriving organism identified as English Teacher. We each asked two people for two words they thought described an English teacher. The words I collected were “nitpicker”, “creative”, “feminine” and “sweet”. The following morning, we drew around our colleagues and cut out the outline of their bodies to produce a paper representation of these collocated words. One body outline incorporated the public perception of English teachers and the other body outlines were words we, as student English teachers, had chosen to describe and represent ourselves, the attributes and the personae of those in our soon-to-be profession.

Public perceptions of an English teacher

Public perceptions of an English teacher

Vs

Cohort perceptions of an English teacher

Reflecting on the public perceptions of an English teacher is a fascinating activity. However, mentality attempting to arrange the adjectives and associated nouns in order along the ‘Adjective Garden of Good to Evil’ continuum, I find myself experiencing difficulty in the positioning of “leather elbow patches” and some others in this series. Perhaps this shows my maturity – and by maturity I mean my age and thus acknowledge that I have reached a point in my life where I secretly covet leather elbow patches when once I loathed them and considered them the aesthetic embodiment of dusty boredom and irrelevance. Opinions change given time and experience. I believe myself to be comfortably reconciled with this development, but this trivial example of a seemingly inconsequential preference makes me aware and uncertain of how perceptions of me might effect my ability, performance, and influence as an English teacher, my interactions with young people in my care, my colleagues in the English department, cross-curricula collaborations, school life, and the pedagogical preferences I employ.

There are big questions to contemplate. What do I consider my role to be? What do others (the government, the media, taxpayers, parents, young people, members of the community in the school’s location) consider my role to be? How might these preconceptions – or deeply established assumptions – effect or shape my training and development, my subject knowledge, my professional development? What is “English” as a subject? What is meant by the term “secondary English teaching“? Do I believe, as journalist Melanie Phillips asserts, that English  is “the subject at the heart of our definition of national cultural identity” and therefore  consider the teachers of English to be the “chief custodians” of that identity? Her words bestow upon every English teacher in the country a tremendous  power and weighty responsibility. However, further questions arise about the definition of “national cultural identity”, which naturally provoke comparisons with my own negotiation of cultural identity(/ies). We all bring with us, to any endeavour, our backgrounds and experiences that inform our thinking, choices made, critical analyses, and participation as members of communities. I believe sincerely that this is an enriching benefit, but perhaps there might be anxiety expressed by some if I were perceived as a “caretaker” of national culture…

So many questions. Some answers, but the answers provoke more questions and a desire to research further into the origins of our species, our subject, and our pedagogical preferences as English teachers.

The Importance of Being Earnest: Considering Classroom Codes of Conduct

“Love all, trust a few. Do wrong to none.”

― William Shakespeare, All’s Well That Ends Well

Observing lessons this morning and listening to staff and students discuss barriers to learning was invaluable and does require time for more in-depth personal processing and reflection during the course of this week. However, what I would like to mention today was that I loved working with Paula, Katie, Jacqueline, and Emma in the afternoon and that, possibly as a result of recently being bombarded with an abundance of acronyms in education, we collaborated fabulously by creating a ‘Classroom Codes of Conduct’ acronym so potentially powerful that would make Aretha Franklin as proud as a peacock and as pleased as punch (- and like many more celebrated similes, I’m certain of it)!

Drum roll, please……………………

“In the classroom, we will all be R.E.S.P.E.C.T.E.D!”

Originally, we had thought of the ‘S’ as “Self-Evaluation” – and, of course, it still could be, but I wondered whether or not it was too similar to “Reflective”. There was also an abundance of important concepts beginning with ‘E’ and perhaps Effort and Encouragement might seem crowded together on the same line, but I think they also compliment each other strongly… It’s still a work in progress with lots of room for negotiation and personalisation, but working together was a positive and fun end to a busy day.

Great Expectations: An Emergent Classroom Manifesto in Eight Adjectives

‘The Poet Dreams of the Classroom’

I dreamed
I stood up in class
and I said aloud:
 
Teacher,
why is algebra important?
 
Sit down, he said.
 
Then I dreamed
I stood up
and I said:
 
Teacher, I’m weary of the turkeys
that we have to draw every fall.
May I draw a fox, instead?
 
Sit down, he said.
 
Then I dreamed
I stood up once more and said:
 
Teacher, my heart is falling asleep
and it wants to wake up.
It needs to be outside.
 
Sit down, he said.
 
Mary Oliver, Swan.

We were asked to think about and write down our personal “classroom vision” – a mini manifesto consisting of a few sentences describing how we would like our lessons to be. Here goes the first draft:

“In my lessons, I hope to create an engaging, open, fun, interactive, comfortable and safe environment where everyone feels valued, included and respected equally as unique and creative individuals within the group in order to encourage enjoyment and passion for learning and the development and support of students so they can achieve their best.

I wonder how much my vision will change with experience this year…

In addition to the classroom vision, we had to create five pre-placement A targets.

  1. Develop the areas highlighted for improvement on my emotional intelligence audit (empathy, developing others, and adaptability).
  2. Re-explore poetic devices and poetry analysis, as I still feel I need more confidence in this area.
  3. Consider and create my personal “Code of Conduct” in classrooms and explore methods of introducing this in classes with students using some activities.
  4. Update my Magic Box of Tricks ( – invaluable when teaching in Japan, I always carried a box full of different 10-minute activities, worksheets, board games, questions, starters that also included props – just in case I had extra time in the lesson or if I was covering another lesson and there was no lesson plan available).
  5. Be prepared and plan.
 

Pilgrim’s Progress: Exam Success Via the Unfortunate Death of a Spider in Ink on the Lined Page of Doom

“Learning does not consist only of knowing what we must or we can do, but also of knowing what we could do and perhaps should not do.”

– Umberto Eco, The Name of the Rose.

Seriously, I really don’t think it’s wise to mess with an English major. We keep lots of (allegedly) useless and dusty stuff trapped in our heads and once in a while we get the opportunity to let some of it out and it bites exam papers square on their imaginary behinds!

Of course, I am like a wizened Confucius now, bearing the steadfast signature drawl and confident swagger of John Wayne, the ultimate personification of courage and honor, after receiving my results. Beforehand, I was questioning the precise magnitude of my intellectual equipment and whether I managed to spell my own name correctly on the answer sheet – let alone any of the names of the authors I had attempted to analyse and discuss (calculating  the probability of whether or not that would be enough to scrape me through and then hanging my head in rapid despair). It has been sixteen years since I sat my own GCSEs, but being surprised with these 2012 exam papers shrank me in time to find myself back at school undergoing external examinations and horrifyingly retroceded into the clammy-handed, nervously uncertain, bone-rattling, second-guessing, exam-taking flummox I had tried to avoid being for the post-sixteen-better-half-of-my-life period. The absolute roller coaster ride of emotions and stress that pupils experience should never be underestimated and I think that this task was an effective method of “psychological flooding” to get me thinking about the issues regarding external assessment and examinations.

I Am Fortune’s Fool: 20-Minute Lesson Activity

“I’ll be more enthusiastic about encouraging thinking outside the box when there’s any evidence of any thinking going on inside it.”

– Terry Pratchett

The rubric is to teach a twenty-minute lesson to the CLF participants.  It can be any topic of interest and not necessarily our subject area. I’ve let this casually percolate deep within the dusty labyrinthine oubliette that has become my Summer Brain during this vacation period whilst focusing on acquainting myself with KS3 authors (half of whom I hadn’t heard of before, which shocked me straight into the children’s section of the local library to sort myself out). Every so often a thought bubbles up excitedly for casual consideration (How about crochet? Knitting? Boxing? Comma Karate? The finer points of Boccia?) and then gets iconoclastically blasted away for some reason or other (I don’t have enough yarn [or really, I want to keep my yarn stash completely for myself]… Not enough hooks or needles… Boxing would be difficult if we’re in a small room and people are suited and booted… People just might not want to do it… Boring… Not challenging enough… Too challenging…). And then I thought, well, of course! Realistically, isn’t this what an actual learning situation could be in a classroom you’ve never been in before and with students you’ll be meeting for the first time? I need to make it suitable for everyone, any room, with few resources. Things to consider…

A couple of days ago I remembered something that Chris had said as an aside when we were talking about the delivery of  Learning Objectives. Usually, they were written or shown on the board. He said that he has hidden them under seats, but was considering other methods of delivery and jokingly added he wished he could bake fortune cookies.

*I can make fortune cookies.*

Why?

Living in Japan for five years has been such an amazing adventure and I think it would be interesting to share some of the experiences and ideas I’ve learnt with the group. Perhaps showing how to make an origami fortune cookie would be an interesting activity to present to the class. Reusable origami fortune cookies could be used in various ways in the classroom. The Japanese have a fantastic ability for recognising an idea and enhancing it. I would really like to hear the other ideas and suggestions the other participants have about the uses these fortune cookies have, too – adding to resources and pooling ideas. Perhaps I can think outside the box by thinking of what’s inside the box and then by doing some thinking about the boxes themselves… Maybe I’ll chuck in some String Theory and consider these boxes in multidimensional contexts, but, that really might be far too much for a 20-minute activity…

Materials Needed:

  • 3 pieces of origami paper per participant
  • large origami paper for demonstration
  • pre-made fortune cookies with Shakespearean fortunes (quotations) inside
  • a few copies of the instruction handout (with folding stages, diagrams, and trigger story)

How:

1. First, give the participants a fortune cookie each and explain that they have a puzzle and the aim is to get to their fortune, which is inside the box without ripping the paper. One fortune cookie will have the Learning Objective (LO) inside and the person who finds it has to read it out to the class to establish what we will be doing for this lesson. During this time, the other participants can have a giggle at their Shakespearean fortunes.

2. Once the LO has been established (LO: To make an origami fortune cookie), I’ll then briefly explain why I decided to choose this activity and then give them an overview of the lesson plan. During this time, I’ll ask some participants to help distribute 3 pieces of origami paper to each person.

3. Demonstrate “mountain” and “valley” folds, as participants will need this knowledge first before continuing (use enlarged paper so that everyone can see).

4. Then, I will demonstrate how to make the first piece. People learn in different ways. There will be a lot of visual instruction and all stages of the folding must be completed correctly in order to make a successful fortune cookie. I will also introduce a story using vocabulary that will trigger the memory of the stages during the retelling or recall. The participants will copy me and make their first piece.

5. After the demonstration, I need to ask if they need the story repeating or if any sections need to be clarified.

6. Three identical pieces need to be made. So far, the participants will have made one piece each. Participants will now work in pairs. One member will retell the story first and the pairs will make their second pieces. If they need help I will walk around helping and using vocabulary triggers, if needed. A handout detailing the folding method and the story will be accessible, but only if participants cannot remember the story or the stages, even with help.

7. The other member of the pair will retell the story next and both members will fold their final piece. I used to use actions or visual triggers to help my students of English retell a lengthy story word-for-word, so it will be interesting to see if a story can trigger visual recall.

8. Consolidation: When all three pieces of the puzzle have been made, I will demonstrate how to assemble the fortune cookie. Then the participants assemble their fortune cookies.

9. Plenary: It would be interesting if we could have a group discussion about where and how we could apply these fortune cookies in other areas of the classroom, how they could be used in other subjects, and for what activities (other than LO delivery).

Further Information: If participants wish to have a handout for personal use, they can download a PDF copy here.

Beginnings!

And since you know you cannot see yourself

So well as by reflection, I, your glass,

Will modestly discover to yourself,

That of yourself which you yet know not of.

– William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar

Welcome to my blog! To read about me, please click on the “About Me” tab – but not just yet! Give me a couple of days to get to grips with the mysterious inner workings of Word Press and let’s begin this adventure! I think the idea of a blog that can be used as a reflective tool – not just for use during our initial PGCE training, but hopefully as a necessary medium continued for the duration of our teaching careers – sounds exciting and definitely beneficial. Homer’s Iliad it certainly won’t be, but I hope it will become a contemplative journey full of little triumphs, utter disasters, dramatic pauses, and interesting, useful and fun ideas about teaching.

Reflection